Cyberwarfare

Cyberwarfare raises issues of growing national interest and concern.

Cyberwarfare can be used to describe various aspects of defending and attacking information and computer networks in cyberspace, as well as denying an adversary’s ability to do the same. Some major problems encountered with cyber attacks, in particular, are the difficulty in determining the origin and nature of the attack and in assessing the damage incurred.

A number of nations are incorporating cyberwarfare as a new part of their military doctrine. Some that have discussed the subject more openly include the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, and China. Many of these are developing views toward the use of cyberwarfare that differ from those of the United States, and in some cases might represent national security threats.

Cyberterrorism is also an issue of growing national interest. Many believe terrorists plan to disrupt the Internet or critical infrastructures such as transportation, communications, or banking and finance. It does seem clear that terrorists use the Internet to conduct the business of terrorism, but on closer inspection, however, it is not clear how or whether terrorists could use violence through the Internet to achieve political objectives.

Although the U.S. government is striving to consolidate responsibility for and focus more attention on cyberwarfare issues, it is not clear how successful those efforts will be. Congress may choose to examine critically the policies, organization, and legal framework that guides executive ranch decisionmaking on issues of cyberwarfare.

Thursday, March 18, 2010

The Cybersecurity Act, S. 773

Cybersecurity Bill Trims President's Power
Current version of Senate legislation eliminates provision that permitted the president to shut down the Internet in the event of a major cyber attack.

Elizabeth Montalbano
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The Senate Wednesday re-introduced a cybersecurity bill it considered last year, minus a provision that would have allowed the president to shut down the Internet in the event of a major cyber attack.

The Cybersecurity Act, S. 773, co-sponsored by Senators Jay Rockefeller (D-W.Va.) and Olympia Snowe (R-Maine), is aimed at protecting critical U.S. network infrastructure against cybersecurity threats by fostering collaboration between the federal government and the private sectors that maintain that infrastructure.

The legislation was originally introduced last April in a two-bill package that together called for the creation of a national cybersecurity adviser, as well as aimed to revise cybersecurity processes and oversight in government, facilitate public-private partnerships on keeping computer systems safe, fund cybersecurity research, and encourage the hiring of more cybersecurity specialists.

Companion legislation that would create the national cybersecurity adviser position -- the National Cybersecurity Advisor Act, S.778 -- is still pending before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs.

The new Cybersecurity Act more or less maintains the goals of the original bill, but also has some key differences.

One big one is that it no longer gives the president unilateral power to disconnect networks from the Internet in the event of a major cyber attack.

As written now, the bill requires the president to work with organizations that own critical network infrastructure to come up with cybersecurity emergency response plans rather than take action on his own.

The bill also includes new provisions. One creates a process for the president and those in the private sector that maintain and own critical infrastructure to come together to decide which IT systems are most crucial to national security and how they should be secured.

Another provision requires the president to provide security clearances to some private-sector officials at those organizations so they have access to classified cyber-threat information they wouldn't otherwise be privy to.

Cybersecurity is a major priority for the Obama Administration, which requested $866 million to protect networks and data in its recently announced fiscal 2011 budget.

Though that figure is slightly less than what was allocated in 2010, officials maintain cybersecurity remains top of mind for the administration, a sentiment reflected in the reintroduction of the Senate bill and other recent government actions.

The House last month passed its own cybersecurity bill, the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2009 (HR 4061), first introduced by Rep. Daniel Lipinski (D-IL) last year.

That bill, though not as broad in scope as the Senate bill, funds research and development for a comprehensive cybersecurity plan that would involve the cooperation of several federal agencies.

The Department of Homeland Security also is taking steps to foster better communication between government intelligence officials and private-sector organizations looking after critical networks.

Through a pilot program the DHS recently launched, CIOs and CSOs from state and local governments as well as private-sector organizations will periodically be allowed to access classified intelligence information regarding cyber threats from state and local fusion centers.

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